abstract struct Int

Overview

Int is the base type of all integer types.

There are four signed integer types: Int8, Int16, Int32 and Int64, being able to represent numbers of 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively. There are four unsigned integer types: UInt8, UInt16, UInt32 and UInt64.

An integer literal is an optional #+ or #- sign, followed by a sequence of digits and underscores, optionally followed by a suffix. If no suffix is present, the literal's type is the lowest between Int32, Int64 and UInt64 in which the number fits:

1 # Int32

1_i8  # Int8
1_i16 # Int16
1_i32 # Int32
1_i64 # Int64

1_u8  # UInt8
1_u16 # UInt16
1_u32 # UInt32
1_u64 # UInt64

+10 # Int32
-20 # Int32

2147483648          # Int64
9223372036854775808 # UInt64

The underscore _ before the suffix is optional.

Underscores can be used to make some numbers more readable:

1_000_000 # better than 1000000

Binary numbers start with 0b:

0b1101 # == 13

Octal numbers start with 0o:

0o123 # == 83

Hexadecimal numbers start with 0x:

0xFE012D # == 16646445
0xfe012d # == 16646445

Included Modules

Direct Known Subclasses

Defined in:

int.cr
time/span.cr
time/span.cr
big/big_int.cr
big/big_rational.cr
json/to_json.cr

Class Method Summary

Instance Method Summary

Instance methods inherited from module Comparable({"T", T})

<(other : T) <, <=(other : T) <=, <=>(other : T) <=>, ==(other : T) ==, >(other : T) >, >=(other : T) >=

Instance methods inherited from module Comparable({"T", T})

<(other : T) <, <=(other : T) <=, <=>(other : T) <=>, ==(other : T) ==, >(other : T) >, >=(other : T) >=

Instance methods inherited from struct Number

*(other : Complex)
*(other : BigFloat)
*
, +
+(other : BigFloat)
+(other : Complex)
+
, -(other : Complex)
-(other : BigFloat)
-
, /(other : Complex) /, <=>(other : BigFloat)
<=>(other)
<=>
, ==(other : Complex) ==, abs abs, abs2 abs2, cis cis, clamp(range : Range)
clamp(min, max)
clamp
, divmod(number) divmod, i i, round(digits, base = 10) round, sign sign, significant(digits, base = 10) significant, step(limit = nil, by = 1)
step(limit = nil, by = 1, &block)
step
, to_big_f to_big_f, to_c to_c, to_yaml(emitter : YAML::Emitter) to_yaml

Class methods inherited from struct Number

zero : self zero

Instance methods inherited from module Comparable({"T", T})

<(other : T) <, <=(other : T) <=, <=>(other : T) <=>, ==(other : T) ==, >(other : T) >, >=(other : T) >=

Instance methods inherited from module Comparable({"T", T})

<(other : T) <, <=(other : T) <=, <=>(other : T) <=>, ==(other : T) ==, >(other : T) >, >=(other : T) >=

Instance methods inherited from struct Value

==(other) ==, dup dup

Instance methods inherited from class Object

!=(other) !=, !~(other) !~, ==(other) ==, ===(other)
===(other : YAML::Any)
===(other : JSON::Any)
===
, =~(other) =~, class class, crystal_type_id crystal_type_id, dup dup, hash hash, inspect(io : IO)
inspect
inspect
, itself itself, not_nil! not_nil!, tap(&block) tap, to_json to_json, to_pretty_json(indent : String = " ")
to_pretty_json(io : IO, indent : String = " ")
to_pretty_json
, to_s
to_s(io : IO)
to_s
, to_yaml
to_yaml(io : IO)
to_yaml
, try(&block) try

Class methods inherited from class Object

==(other : Class) ==, ===(other) ===, cast(other) : self cast, clone clone, dup dup, from_json(string_or_io) : self
from_json(string_or_io, root : String) : self
from_json
, from_yaml(string : String) : self from_yaml, hash hash, inspect(io) inspect, name : String name, nilable? nilable?, to_s(io) to_s, |(other : U.class) forall U |

Class Method Detail

def self.from_io(io : IO, format : IO::ByteFormat) #

Reads an integer from the given io in the given format.

See IO#read_bytes.


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Instance Method Detail

def %(other : Int) #

Returns self modulo other.

This uses floored division. See Int#/ for more details.


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def %(other : BigInt) : BigInt #

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def *(other : BigInt) : BigInt #

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def *(other : BigRational) #

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def **(exponent : Int) : self #

Returns the value of raising self to the power of exponent.

Raises ArgumentError if exponent is negative: if this is needed, either use a float base or a float exponent.

2 ** 3  # => 8
2 ** 0  # => 1
2 ** -1 # ArgumentError

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def **(exponent : Float) : Float64 #

Returns the value of raising self to the power of exponent.

2 ** 3.0  # => 8.0
2 ** 0.0  # => 1.0
2 ** -1.0 # => 0.5

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def +(other : BigRational) #

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def +(other : BigInt) : BigInt #

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def -(other : BigInt) : BigInt #

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def -(other : BigRational) #

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def /(other : BigRational) #

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def /(other : BigInt) : BigInt #

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def /(other : Int) #

Divides self by other using floored division.

In floored division, given two integers x and y:

  • q = x / y is rounded toward negative infinity
  • r = x % y has the sign of the second argument
  • x == q*y + r

For example:

 x     y     x / y     x % y
 5     3       1         2
-5     3      -2         1
 5    -3      -2        -1
-5    -3       1        -2

Raises if other is zero, or if other is -1 and self is signed and is the minimum value for that integer type.


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def <<(count : Int) #

Returns the result of shifting this number's bits count positions to the left.

  • If count is greater than the number of bits of this integer, returns 0
  • If count is negative, a right shift is performed
8000 << 1  # => 4000
8000 << 2  # => 2000
8000 << 32 # => 0
8000 << -1 # => 16000

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def <=>(other : BigInt) #

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def <=>(other : BigRational) #

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def ===(char : Char) #

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def >>(count : Int) #

Returns the result of shifting this number's bits count positions to the right. Also known as arithmetic right shift.

  • If count is greater than the number of bits of this integer, returns 0
  • If count is negative, a left shift is performed
8000 >> 1  # => 4000
8000 >> 2  # => 2000
8000 >> 32 # => 0
8000 >> -1 # => 16000

-8000 >> 1 # => -4000

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def abs #

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def bit(bit) #

Returns this number's bitth bit, starting with the least-significant.

11.bit(0) # => 1
11.bit(1) # => 1
11.bit(2) # => 0
11.bit(3) # => 1
11.bit(4) # => 0

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def ceil #

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def chr #

Returns a Char that has the unicode codepoint of self.

Raises ArgumentError if this integer's value doesn't fit a char's range (0..0x10ffff).

97.chr # => 'a'

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def day #

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def days #

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def divisible_by?(num) #

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def downto(n) #

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def downto(n, &block : self -> ) #

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def even? #

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def fdiv(other) #

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def floor #

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def gcd(other : Int) #

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def gcm(other : BigInt) : Int #

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def hash #

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def hour #

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def hours #

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def lcm(other : BigInt) : BigInt #

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def lcm(other : Int) #

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def millisecond #

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def milliseconds #

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def minute #

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def minutes #

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def modulo(other) #

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def month #

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def months #

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def odd? #

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abstract def popcount #

Counts 1-bits in the binary representation of this integer.

5.popcount   # => 2
-15.popcount # => 5

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def pred #

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def remainder(other : Int) #

Returns self remainder other.

This uses truncated division. See Int#div for more details.


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def round #

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def second #

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def seconds #

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def succ #

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def tdiv(other : Int) #

Divides self by other using truncated division.

In truncated division, given two integers x and y:

  • q = x.tdiv(y) is rounded toward zero
  • r = x.remainder(y) has the sign of the first argument
  • x == q*y + r

For example:

 x     y     x / y     x % y
 5     3       1         2
-5     3      -1        -2
 5    -3      -1         2
-5    -3       1        -2

Raises if other is zero, or if other is -1 and self is signed and is the minimum value for that integer type.


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def times(&block : self -> ) #

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def times #

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def to(n) #

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def to(n, &block : self -> ) #

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def to_big_i : BigInt #

Returns a BigInt representing this integer.


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def to_big_r #

Returns a BigRational representing this integer.


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def to_io(io : IO, format : IO::ByteFormat) #

Writes this integer to the given io in the given format.

See IO#write_bytes.


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def to_json(io) #

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def to_s(base : Int, io : IO, upcase : Bool = false) #

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def to_s(io : IO) #

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def to_s #

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def to_s(base : Int, upcase : Bool = false) #

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def trunc #

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def upto(n, &block : self -> ) #

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def upto(n) #

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def week #

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def weeks #

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def year #

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def years #

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def ~ #

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