struct Range(B, E)

Overview

A Range represents an interval: a set of values with a beginning and an end.

Ranges may be constructed using the usual .new method or with literals:

x..y  # an inclusive range, in mathematics: [x, y]
x...y # an exclusive range, in mathematics: [x, y)

An easy way to remember which one is inclusive and which one is exclusive it to think of the extra dot as if it pushes y further away, thus leaving it outside of the range.

Ranges typically involve integers, but can be created using arbitrary objects as long as they define succ (or pred for #reverse_each), to get the next element in the range, and < and ==, to know when the range reached the end:

# Represents a string of 'x's.
struct Xs
  include Comparable(Xs)

  getter size

  def initialize(@size)
  end

  def succ
    Xs.new(@size + 1)
  end

  def <=>(other)
    @size <=> other.size
  end

  def inspect(io)
    @size.times { io << 'x' }
  end

  def to_s(io)
    io << @size << ' '
    inspect(io)
  end
end

An example of using Xs to construct a range:

r = Xs.new(3)..Xs.new(6) # => xxx..xxxxxx
r.to_a                   # => [xxx, xxxx, xxxxx, xxxxxx]
r.includes?(Xs.new(5))   # => true

Included Modules

Defined in:

range.cr
range/bsearch.cr

Class Method Summary

Instance Method Summary

Instance methods inherited from module Iterable({"T", T})

chunk(&block : T -> U) forall U chunk, cycle(n)
cycle cycle, each each, each_cons(count : Int) each_cons, each_slice(count : Int) each_slice, each_with_index(offset = 0) each_with_index, each_with_object(obj) each_with_object

Instance methods inherited from module Enumerable({"T", T})

all?(&block)
all? all?, any?(&block)
any? any?, chunks(&block : T -> U) chunks, compact_map(&block) compact_map, count(&block)
count(item) count, cycle(n, &block)
cycle(&block) cycle, each(&block : T -> _) each, each_cons(count : Int, &block) each_cons, each_slice(count : Int, &block) each_slice, each_with_index(offset = 0, &block) each_with_index, each_with_object(obj, &block) each_with_object, find(if_none = nil, &block) find, first(count : Int)
first first, first? first?, flat_map(&block : T -> Array(U) | U) forall U flat_map, grep(pattern) grep, group_by(&block : T -> U) forall U group_by, in_groups_of(size : Int, filled_up_with : U = nil) forall U
in_groups_of(size : Int, filled_up_with : U = nil, &block) forall U in_groups_of, includes?(obj) includes?, index(&block)
index(obj) index, index_by(&block : T -> U) forall U index_by, join(separator, io)
join(separator = "")
join(separator, io, &block)
join(separator = "", &block) join, map(&block : T -> U) forall U map, map_with_index(&block : T, Int32 -> U) map_with_index, max max, max? max?, max_by(&block : T -> U) forall U max_by, max_by?(&block : T -> U) forall U max_by?, max_of(&block : T -> U) forall U max_of, max_of?(&block : T -> U) forall U max_of?, min min, min? min?, min_by(&block : T -> U) forall U min_by, min_by?(&block : T -> U) forall U min_by?, min_of(&block : T -> U) forall U min_of, min_of?(&block : T -> U) forall U min_of?, minmax minmax, minmax? minmax?, minmax_by(&block : T -> U) forall U minmax_by, minmax_by?(&block : T -> U) forall U minmax_by?, minmax_of(&block : T -> U) forall U minmax_of, minmax_of?(&block : T -> U) forall U minmax_of?, none?(&block)
none? none?, one?(&block) one?, partition(&block) partition, product(&block)
product(initial : Number, &block)
product
product(initial : Number) product, reduce(&block)
reduce(memo, &block) reduce, reject(&block : T -> ) reject, select(&block : T -> ) select, size size, skip(count : Int) skip, skip_while(&block) skip_while, sum(initial)
sum
sum(initial, &block)
sum(&block) sum, take_while(&block) take_while, to_a to_a, to_h to_h, to_set to_set

Instance methods inherited from struct Struct

==(other : self) : Bool ==, hash : Int32 hash, inspect(io : IO) : Nil inspect, to_s(io) to_s

Instance methods inherited from struct Value

==(other) ==, dup dup

Instance methods inherited from class Object

!=(other) !=, !~(other) !~, ==(other) ==, ===(other : JSON::Any)
===(other : YAML::Any)
===(other) ===, =~(other) =~, class class, crystal_type_id crystal_type_id, dup dup, hash hash, inspect(io : IO)
inspect inspect, itself itself, not_nil! not_nil!, tap(&block) tap, to_json to_json, to_pretty_json(indent : String = " ")
to_pretty_json(io : IO, indent : String = " ") to_pretty_json, to_s
to_s(io : IO) to_s, to_yaml(io : IO)
to_yaml to_yaml, try(&block) try

Class methods inherited from class Object

==(other : Class) ==, ===(other) ===, cast(other) : self cast, clone clone, dup dup, from_json(string_or_io, root : String) : self
from_json(string_or_io) : self from_json, from_yaml(string : String) : self from_yaml, hash hash, inspect(io) inspect, name : String name, nilable? nilable?, to_s(io) to_s, |(other : U.class) forall U |

Class Method Detail

def self.new(begin : B, end : E, exclusive : Bool = false) #

Constructs a range using the given beginning and end.

Range.new(1, 10)                  # => 1..10
Range.new(1, 10, exclusive: true) # => 1...10

[View source]

Instance Method Detail

def ===(value) #

Same as #includes?, useful for the case expression.

case 79
when 1..50   then puts "low"
when 51..75  then puts "medium"
when 76..100 then puts "high"
end

Produces:

high

See Object#===.


[View source]
def begin : B #

Returns the object that defines the beginning of this range.

(1..10).begin  # => 1
(1...10).begin # => 1

[View source]
def bsearch(&block) #

By using binary search, returns the first value for which the passed block returns true.

If the block returns false, the finding value exists behind. If the block returns true, the finding value is itself or exists infront.

(0..10).bsearch { |x| x >= 5 }                       # => 5
(0..Float64::INFINITY).bsearch { |x| x ** 4 >= 256 } # => 4

Returns nil if the block didn't return true for any value.


[View source]
def clone #

Returns a new Range with #begin and #end cloned.


[View source]
def covers?(value) #

Same as #includes?


[View source]
def cycle #

Returns an Iterator that cycles over the values of this range.

(1..3).cycle.first(5).to_a # => [1, 2, 3, 1, 3]

[View source]
def each(&block) #

Iterates over the elements of this range, passing each in turn to the block.

(10..15).each { |n| print n, ' ' }
# prints: 10 11 12 13 14 15

[View source]
def each #

Returns an Iterator over the elements of this range.

(1..3).each.skip(1).to_a # => [2, 3]

[View source]
def end : E #

Returns the object that defines the end of the range.

(1..10).end  # => 10
(1...10).end # => 10

[View source]
def excludes_end? #

Returns true if this range excludes the end element.

(1..10).excludes_end?  # => false
(1...10).excludes_end? # => true

[View source]
def exclusive? : Bool #

Returns true if the range is exclusive. Returns false otherwise (default).


[View source]
def includes?(value) #

Returns true if this range includes the given value.

(1..10).includes?(4)  # => true
(1..10).includes?(10) # => true
(1..10).includes?(11) # => false

(1...10).includes?(9)  # => true
(1...10).includes?(10) # => false

[View source]
def reverse_each(&block) #

Iterates over the elements of this range in reverse order, passing each in turn to the block.

(10...15).reverse_each { |n| print n, ' ' }
# prints: 14 13 12 11 10

[View source]
def reverse_each #

Returns a reverse Iterator over the elements of this range.

(1..3).reverse_each.skip(1).to_a # => [2, 1]

[View source]
def step(n : Int = 1) #

Returns an Iterator that returns each nth element in this range.

(1..10).step(3).skip(1).to_a # => [4, 7, 10]

[View source]
def step(n = 1, &block) #

Iterates over this range, passing each nth element to the block.

range = Xs.new(1)..Xs.new(10)
range.step(2) { |x| puts x }
puts
range.step(3) { |x| puts x }

Produces:

1 x
3 xxx
5 xxxxx
7 xxxxxxx
9 xxxxxxxxx

1 x
4 xxxx
7 xxxxxxx
10 xxxxxxxxxx

See Range's overview for the definition of Xs.


[View source]
def sum(initial) #

If self is a Int range, it provides O(1) implementation, otherwise it is same as Enumerable#sum.


[View source]