class HTTP::Client

Overview

An HTTP Client.

One-shot usage

Without a block, an HTTP::Client::Response is returned and the response's body is available as a String by invoking HTTP::Client::Response#body.

require "http/client"

response = HTTP::Client.get "http://www.example.com"
response.status_code      # => 200
response.body.lines.first # => "<!doctype html>"

Streaming

With a block, an HTTP::Client::Response body is returned and the response's body is available as an IO by invoking HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

require "http/client"

HTTP::Client.get("http://www.example.com") do |response|
  response.status_code  # => 200
  response.body_io.gets # => "<!doctype html>"
end

Reusing a connection

Similar to the above cases, but creating an instance of an HTTP::Client.

require "http/client"

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
response = client.get "/"
response.status_code      # => 200
response.body.lines.first # => "<!doctype html>"
client.close

Compression

If compress isn't set to false, and no Accept-Encoding header is explicitly specified, an HTTP::Client will add an "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate" header, and automatically decompress the response body/body_io.

Encoding

If a response has a Content-Type header with a charset, that charset is set as the encoding of the returned IO (or used for creating a String for the body). Invalid bytes in the given encoding are silently ignored when reading text content.

Defined in:

http/client.cr

Class Method Summary

Instance Method Summary

Instance methods inherited from class Reference

==(other)
==(other : self) ==, dup dup, hash hash, inspect(io : IO) : Nil inspect, object_id : UInt64 object_id, same?(other : Reference)
same?(other : Nil) same?, to_s(io : IO) : Nil to_s

Instance methods inherited from class Object

!=(other) !=, !~(other) !~, ==(other) ==, ===(other)
===(other : YAML::Any)
===(other : JSON::Any) ===, =~(other) =~, class class, crystal_type_id crystal_type_id, dup dup, hash hash, inspect(io : IO)
inspect inspect, itself itself, not_nil! not_nil!, tap(&block) tap, to_json to_json, to_pretty_json(io : IO)
to_pretty_json to_pretty_json, to_s
to_s(io : IO) to_s, to_yaml
to_yaml(io : IO) to_yaml, try(&block) try

Class methods inherited from class Object

==(other : Class) ==, ===(other) ===, cast(other) : self cast, clone clone, dup dup, from_json(string_or_io, root : String) : self
from_json(string_or_io) : self from_json, from_yaml(string : String) : self from_yaml, hash hash, inspect(io) inspect, name : String name, to_s(io) to_s, |(other : U.class) |

Class Method Detail

def self.delete(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil, &block) #

Executes a DELETE request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

HTTP::Client.delete("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def self.delete(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a DELETE request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

response = HTTP::Client.delete("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def self.exec(method, url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a request. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

response = HTTP::Client.exec "GET", "http://www.example.com"
response.body # => "..."

[View source]
def self.exec(method, url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil, &block) #

Executes a request. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

HTTP::Client.exec("GET", "http://www.example.com") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets # => "..."
end

[View source]
def self.get(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a GET request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

response = HTTP::Client.get("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def self.get(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil, &block) #

Executes a GET request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

HTTP::Client.get("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def self.head(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a HEAD request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

response = HTTP::Client.head("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def self.head(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil, &block) #

Executes a HEAD request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

HTTP::Client.head("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def self.new(host, port = nil, tls = false, &block) #

Creates a new HTTP client, yields it to the block, and closes the client afterwards.

HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com") do |client|
  client.get "/"
end

[View source]
def self.new(uri : URI, tls = nil) #

Creates a new HTTP client from a URI. Parses the host, port, and tls configuration from the url provided. Port defaults to 80 if not specified unless using the https protocol, which defaults to port 443 and sets tls to true.

uri = URI.parse("https://secure.example.com")
client = HTTP::Client.new(uri)

client.tls? # => true
client.get("/")

This constructor will ignore any path or query segments in the URI as those will need to be passed to the client when a request is made.

If tls is given it will be used, if not a new TLS context will be created. If tls is given and uri is a HTTP URI, ArgumentError is raised. In any case the active context can be accessed through #tls.

This constructor will raise an exception if any scheme but HTTP or HTTPS is used.


[View source]
def self.patch(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a PATCH request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

response = HTTP::Client.patch("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def self.patch(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil, &block) #

Executes a PATCH request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

HTTP::Client.patch("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def self.post(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil, &block) #

Executes a POST request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

HTTP::Client.post("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def self.post(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a POST request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

response = HTTP::Client.post("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def self.post_form(url, form : String | Hash, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, tls = nil, &block) #

Executes a POST with form data and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io. The "Content-type" header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

HTTP::Client.post_form("http://www.example.com", "foo=bar") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets
end

[View source]
def self.post_form(url, form : String | Hash, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, tls = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a POST with form data. The "Content-type" header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

response = HTTP::Client.post_form "http://www.example.com", "foo=bar"

[View source]
def self.put(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil, &block) #

Executes a PUT request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

HTTP::Client.put("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def self.put(url : String | URI, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, tls = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a PUT request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

response = HTTP::Client.put("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def self.new(host, port = nil, tls : Bool | OpenSSL::SSL::Context::Client = false) #

[View source]

Instance Method Detail

def basic_auth(username, password) #

Configures this client to perform basic authentication in every request.


[View source]
def before_request(&callback : HTTP::Request -> ) #

Adds a callback to execute before each request. This is usually used to set an authorization header. Any number of callbacks can be added.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
client.before_request do |request|
  request.headers["Authorization"] = "XYZ123"
end
client.get "/"

[View source]
def close #

Closes this client. If used again, a new connection will be opened.


[View source]
def compress=(compress : Bool) #

Whether automatic compression/decompression is enabled.


[View source]
def compress? : Bool #

Whether automatic compression/decompression is enabled.


[View source]
def connect_timeout=(connect_timeout : Time::Span) #

Set the open timeout with a Time::Span to wait when connecting, before raising an IO::Timeout.

client = HTTP::Client.new("example.org")
client.connect_timeout = 5.minutes
begin
  response = client.get("/")
rescue IO::Timeout
  puts "Timeout!"
end

[View source]
def connect_timeout=(connect_timeout : Number) #

Set the number of seconds to wait when connecting, before raising an IO::Timeout.

client = HTTP::Client.new("example.org")
client.connect_timeout = 1.5
begin
  response = client.get("/")
rescue IO::Timeout
  puts "Timeout!"
end

[View source]
def delete(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a DELETE request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
client.delete("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def delete(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a DELETE request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
response = client.delete("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def dns_timeout=(dns_timeout : Time::Span) #

This method has no effect right now

Set the number of seconds to wait when resolving a name with a Time::Span, before raising an IO::Timeout.

client = HTTP::Client.new("example.org")
client.dns_timeout = 1.5.seconds
begin
  response = client.get("/")
rescue IO::Timeout
  puts "Timeout!"
end

[View source]
def dns_timeout=(dns_timeout : Number) #

This method has no effect right now

Set the number of seconds to wait when resolving a name, before raising an IO::Timeout.

client = HTTP::Client.new("example.org")
client.dns_timeout = 1.5
begin
  response = client.get("/")
rescue IO::Timeout
  puts "Timeout!"
end

[View source]
def exec(request : HTTP::Request, &block) #

Executes a request request and yields an HTTP::Client::Response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
client.exec(HTTP::Request.new("GET", "/")) do |response|
  response.body_io.gets # => "..."
end

[View source]
def exec(method : String, path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
response = client.exec "GET", "/"
response.body # => "..."

[View source]
def exec(request : HTTP::Request) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
response = client.exec HTTP::Request.new("GET", "/")
response.body # => "..."

[View source]
def exec(method : String, path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a request. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
client.exec("GET", "/") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets # => "..."
end

[View source]
def get(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a GET request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
client.get("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def get(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a GET request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
response = client.get("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def head(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a HEAD request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
response = client.head("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def head(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a HEAD request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
client.head("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def host : String #

Returns the target host.

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
client.host # => "www.example.com"

[View source]
def patch(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a PATCH request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
client.patch("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def patch(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a PATCH request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
response = client.patch("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def port : Int32 #

Returns the target port.

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
client.port # => 80

[View source]
def post(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a POST request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
client.post("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def post(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a POST request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
response = client.post("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def post_form(path, form : Hash, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a POST with form data. The "Content-type" header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
response = client.post_form "/", {"foo": "bar"}

[View source]
def post_form(path, form : Hash, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a POST with form data and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io. The "Content-type" header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
client.post_form("/", {"foo": "bar"}) do |response|
  response.body_io.gets
end

[View source]
def post_form(path, form : String, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a POST with form data and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io. The "Content-type" header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
client.post_form("/", "foo=bar") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets
end

[View source]
def post_form(path, form : String, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a POST with form data. The "Content-type" header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".

client = HTTP::Client.new "www.example.com"
response = client.post_form "/", "foo=bar"

[View source]
def put(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil, &block) #

Executes a PUT request and yields the response to the block. The response will have its body as an IO accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body_io.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
client.put("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!") do |response|
  response.body_io.gets #=> "..."
end

[View source]
def put(path, headers : HTTP::Headers | Nil = nil, body : String | Nil = nil) : HTTP::Client::Response #

Executes a PUT request. The response will have its body as a String, accessed via HTTP::Client::Response#body.

client = HTTP::Client.new("www.example.com")
response = client.put("/", headers: HTTP::Headers{"User-agent" => "AwesomeApp"}, body: "Hello!")
response.body #=> "..."

[View source]
def read_timeout=(read_timeout : Number) #

Set the number of seconds to wait when reading before raising an IO::Timeout.

client = HTTP::Client.new("example.org")
client.read_timeout = 1.5
begin
  response = client.get("/")
rescue IO::Timeout
  puts "Timeout!"
end

[View source]
def read_timeout=(read_timeout : Time::Span) #

Set the read timeout with a Time::Span, to wait when reading before raising an IO::Timeout.

client = HTTP::Client.new("example.org")
client.read_timeout = 5.minutes
begin
  response = client.get("/")
rescue IO::Timeout
  puts "Timeout!"
end

[View source]
def tls #

[View source]
def tls? : Nil | OpenSSL::SSL::Context::Client #

[View source]